Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Therapy and Breathing: A Scientific Overview

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a central component of human respiration, playing a critical role in gas exchange, blood pH regulation, oxygen delivery, circulation, and nervous system function. Scientific research has examined how variations in CO₂ levels—whether through breathing patterns or controlled therapeutic applications—affect physiological regulation and clinical outcomes.

This page presents a curated collection of peer-reviewed studies, clinical research, and scientific articles investigating the relationship between CO₂, breathing, and physiological regulation. The research featured here explores areas such as CO₂ tolerance, respiratory physiology, the Bohr effect, cerebral and peripheral circulation, autonomic nervous system balance, and the use of CO₂ in medical and therapeutic contexts.

Studies vary in their methods, populations and strength of evidence. Findings should be read in the context of each study’s design and limitations. This library is educational and does not provide medical advice or treatment recommendations.